IJAB has a stringent publication ethics policy. Every submitted paper is checked for similarity index using www.turnitin.com

The authors transfer copyrights to the Journal under the following terms and conditions:

• The paper presents original work not previously published in similar form and not currently under consideration by another journal
• Each author has seen and approved the content of the submitted manuscript
• Exclusive permission has been obtained from the author(s)/publisher(s) of the material/ information/data contained/used in any other form that is the intellectual property right of any person(s) other than the Author(s). The copyright material has clearly identified and acknowledged/referenced in the text of the paper. The author(s) are responsible for any violation/breech of the Copyright Law
• There is no conflict of interest among the authors for the publication of paper, and that all the authors have significantly contributed in the paper
• The paper once published will not be withdrawn or retracted unless very serious question(s) arise(s) on the data or originality of the text, and that will be done in concurrence with the Friends Academics and Research (Private) Limited
• Once the copyrights are transferred, the published matter will be the sole property of Friends Academics and Research (Private) Limited, and exclusive permission will be sought for partial or full reproduction of the text/graphics/numeric data. However, the author(s) will retain the intellectual property rights

The complaints of plagiarism of papers (if any) are strictly dealt under Plagiarism Policy of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan

Ethical Guidelines for Use in Research on Animals

IJAB does not consider submission directly focusing on the human studies. For research on animals, IJAB observes policy ARRIVE guidelines available at PLoS Bio 8(6), e1000412,2010 when documenting and conducting live animal studies. Authors and reviewers are urged to adhere to these guidelines. It is also emphasized that in research involving animals, any potentially derived benefits must be significant in relation to harm suffered by participating animals Furthermore, the research conducted using live animals must comply with commonly accepted ‘3Rs’:

• Replacement of animals by alternatives wherever possible;
• Reduction in number of animals used;
• Refinement of experimental conditions and procedures to minimize the harm to animals

Submissions made to IJAB containing data in which the animals are investigated are required to be approved by an ethical review committee constituted by the institution of the corresponding author and relevant information provided in the Materials and Methods section or alternatively given separately just before the References section. The submissions are not processed further until a certificate is provided by the corresponding author in this regard:

Manuscript Approval Statement

At the time of submission, the Corresponding Author provides an explicit statement in the manuscript that all the authors have read and approved the manuscript for submission to IJAB

Author Contributions

The manuscript will show an explicit statement that each author has made the specific contribution in planning, execution and write up.

Conflict of Interest

IJAB mandates that all authors disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence or be perceived to influence their work. This encompasses:

• Financial Interests: Any significant financial support, such as grants, sponsorships, or investments, related to the subject matter of the manuscript.
• Affiliations: Current affiliations or involvements with organizations or entities that have a direct interest in the research outcomes.
• Personal Relationships: Authors must disclose any personal relationships or associations with individuals or entities that could affect their objectivity in conducting or reporting the research.
• Intellectual Property: Authors should disclose any intellectual property rights or patents related to the research findings that could create a conflict of interest.
• Other Interests: Authors should disclose any other interests or circumstances that could present a potential conflict of interest, even if they are not directly financial or organizational in nature.

Full transparency in declaring these interests is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the scientific record and ensuring the objectivity of the published research. Authors must explicitly state if there are no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

In line with the principle of transparency in research, IJAB requires authors to provide a clear statement on the availability of the data supporting their study’s findings.

Authors should specify the location of their data as follows:

• Publicly Archived Datasets: If the data are available in a recognized public repository, authors must include the relevant hyperlinks or digital object identifiers (DOIs).
• Institutional Repositories: For data housed in institutional databases, authors should provide the name of the repository and any access conditions.
• Upon Request: If the data are not publicly available but can be accessed upon request, authors must outline the process for requesting access. This should include contact information and any specific requirements for access.

Authors are expected to provide a valid explanation if their data cannot be made available. This may include reasons such as legal or ethical restrictions, or considerations related to commercial confidentiality. This policy ensures that the research published in IJAB is supported by accessible data, promoting reproducibility and transparency in scientific inquiry.

Funding Source

In the manuscript the authors will provide brief information (including project details) on the acquisition of funds for carrying out the research to publish their data in IJAB.